Late-Onset Group B Streptococcal Sepsis in Preterm Twins.

Group B streptococcal (GBS) infection is one of the leading causes of neonatal sepsis worldwide. Despite a significant decline in early-onset (EOS) sepsis due to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, the incidence of late-onset (LOS) infection has remained unchanged. However, LOS GBS sepsis affecting twins is very rare. We report on preterm twins born at 29 weeks of gestation: Twin B was 31 days old when he developed LOS GBS sepsis and meningitis, and Twin A was 35 days old when he developed LOS GBS sepsis. Tests for maternal GBS colonization in breast milk were negative. Both babies were treated with antibiotics and eventually discharged without complications.

Incorporation of Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticles in Adhesive Resin for Bonding of Brackets to Enamel Conditioned with Er,Cr:YSGG, Photodynamic Therapy, and Phosphoric Acid.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of enamel conditioning methods, that is, total-etch and rinse (TER), Er,Cr:YSGG (ECYL), and photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic metallic brackets bonded using Zirconium oxide experimental adhesive (ZOEA). Methods: Sixty human incisor buccal surfaces were cleaned and allocated into three groups based on the method of enamel surface treatment, that is, TER using 37% phosphoric acid gel, methylene blue photosensitizer activated by PDT and ECYL (n = 20 each). Each group was further divided into two subgroups (n = 10) based on the type of adhesive, that is, ZOEA and experimental adhesive (EA). Metallic brackets were seated using composite resin. Samples were placed in a universal testing machine for SBS and failure mode using the ARI index. One-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey were used for multiple comparisons. ARI was presented in percentages in different investigated groups. Results: TER+ZOEA (17.16 ± 0.41 MPa) displayed the highest bond integrity. However, group PDT+EA (11.34 ± 0.25 MPa) demonstrated the lowest bond scores. The intergroup comparison revealed that the TER system displayed significantly higher SBS values than the PDT and ECYL groups (p < 0.05). The intragroup comparison revealed that enamel conditioned with TER and brackets bonded with ZOEA and EA displayed comparable bond integrity (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Enamel conditioned with TER bonded to a metallic bracket displayed better bond strength than PDT and ECYL. Zirconium oxide nanoparticles incorporated in adhesive have proved to be promising in improving the bond integrity of adhesive.

HAEMATOSPERMIA: CAUSES AND ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN SEMEN ANALYSIS IN NORTH OF IRAQ.

Haematospermia is the medical term used to describe the presence of blood in semen. It can occur due to a variety of reasons and can be a benign or serious condition. The present study aimed to identify the prevalence and characterization of haematospermia in patients visiting hospital clinics. To do so, a total of 44 patients were recruited and characterized regarding their demographic variation, symptoms, severity, associated diseases, and measured prostate-specific-antigen (PSA). Results confirmed that patients were middle-aged (around 40 years) and the duration (days) of haematospermia is around 16±12. Only a few of these patients have shown an association with chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes or other vascular diseases. Less than 50% of these patients have shown past-surgical history and few of them were using anticoagulants 16±12. The majority of patients had painless haematospermia while only (13.6%) had painful haematospermia, irritative urinary symptoms were found in (13.6%) while obstructive urinary symptoms in (4.5%). Ultrasound (US) examination of the abdomen, pelvis, and scrotum was normal in more than 50% of them while others have shown prostatic involvement. Few of these patients experienced pus on laboratory examination. To sum up, haematospermia is represented as an inconvenient disease in our sample leading to interference with daily quality of life, with no clear understanding aetiology of the disease and its progression.

Periodontal, Microbiological, and Proinflammatory Cytokines Levels in Fixed Orthodontics Patients Treated with Photodynamic Therapy Adjunct to Full Mouth Scaling.

Objective: To assess the efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT) adjunct to full mouth scaling (FMS) in improving periodontal, microbiological, and proinflammatory cytokines levels in patients undergoing fixed orthodontics treatment (FOT). Materials and methods: The study recruited 60 teenage patients who were undergoing FOT. All the patients were arbitrarily divided into two groups: Group 1, FMS +PDT and Group 2, FMS alone. Plaque scores (PS), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD) were assessed. Levels of biomarkers interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were evaluated. Samples were collected from gingival plaque for estimation of Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis load. All measurements were completed at three intervals baseline, 4th week, and 8th week. Post Hoc corrections and intergroup comparisons were examined using Student's t-test and Bonferroni correction. To find differences between repeated follow-ups, analysis of variance (ANOVA) multiple rank tests were used. Results: At baseline, all the gingival parameters displayed comparable outcomes between patients of Group 1 and Group 2 (p > 0.05). However, at 4 and 8 weeks of follow-up, PS and BOP among tested groups exhibited significantly lower values than baseline (p < 0.001). At 8 weeks, there was a significant difference in PS between the two groups tested. Moreover, at 4 and 8 weeks, BOP revealed a significant difference between the groups. PD remains comparable with baseline at follow-up visits (p > 0.05). A significant decrease in IL-6 and TNF-α levels was observed in both investigated groups at 4 and 8 weeks of baseline. Moreover, it was identified that P. intermedia and P. gingivalis were reduced significantly at 4 weeks. Moreover, a significant difference existed between both Group 1 and Group 2 at 4 and 8 weeks of recall visit (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The use of photodynamic treatment adjuvant to FMS aids in improving periodontal parameters and cytokines levels.

Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Protaper Universal Retreatment System, R-Endo System and Hedstrom File in Gutta Percha Removal During Root Canal Retreatment- An In Vitro Study.

Background: The complete removal of residual filling materials from the root canal determines the success of root canal retreatment. Aim: To evaluate and correlate the efficacy of ProTaper retreatment system, R-Endo retreatment system, and Hedstrom file in the removal of gutta-percha and sealer from root canal during endodontic retreatment in addition to the period desired for the elimination of gutta-percha and sealer. Methodology: Thirty extracted premolars were prepared and filled by cold lateral compaction with gutta-percha and sealer. Retreatment was finished with ProTaper retreatment files, R-Endo files, Hedstrom files with Endosolv E as the solvent for 10 specimens each. Each half of the root was imaged using the image analyzer software Chroma allied to a stereomicroscope with 10× magnification via a charge-coupled device sensor. For statistical analysis, parametric one-way ANOVA test and Scheffe post hoc multiple range test were utilized at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: There is no significant difference among the three groups at P < 0.0001 in removing filling material. However, the rotary files needed significantly less time for removing gutta-percha along with sealer than H-file (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The gutta-percha and sealer were found in the root canal subsequent to all the retreatment techniques, especially in the apical third. Retreatment time was less only for the rotary system.

Arthroplasty of a Charcot Knee in a Patient With Congenital Insensitivity to Pain.

Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSANs) include hereditary disorders that cause congenital insensitivity to pain. Moreover, patients diagnosed with such disorders are known to have genetic mutations that alter their deep pain sensation, making them more prone to developing bone and joint complications such as repetitive fractures, joint swelling, and Charcot arthropathy. Neuropathic arthropathy (Charcot joint) is a rare and relatively poorly understood condition; it is suggested to be caused by autonomic dysfunction and repetitive microtrauma and characterized by instability and joint destruction. Diagnosing the idiopathic Charcot joint is challenging and is considered to be a diagnosis of exclusion. In addition, there are limited cases of Charcot knees managed by arthroplasty. Patients with Charcot knees are commonly characterized by profound bone loss, diffuse synovitis, and instability in the knee joint. In this article, we report the case of a 13-year-old patient with known NTRK1 gene mutation who presented with recurrent knee joint swelling episodes and instability without pain. She was diagnosed with Charcot knee joint and underwent right hinged total knee replacement. At one-year follow-up, she continued to have good knee stability and an overall functional gait. Our findings suggest that managing Charcot knee joint with total knee replacement in patients with HSAN may show improvement in terms of stability, swelling, and overall gait.

Disease-specific quality of life in patients with diabetic neuropathy.

OBJECTIVES: To compare health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic neuropathy (DN) (D+N) with patients with DM without DN (D-DN) and healthy participants. To evaluate factors associated with poor HRQoL in patients with DN. METHODS: This study included 306 participants residing in Bisha, Saudi Arabia. Patients with DM were screened for DN using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument. Neuropathy severity, disability and HRQoL were determined using the Neuropathy Severity Scale (NSS), the Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS), and the Norfolk Quality of Life-Diabetic Neuropathy (QOL-DN) tool, respectively. Nerve conduction studies (NCSs) were also performed. RESULTS: The D+DN group had poorer overall and domain HRQoL scores compared to the D-DN group (p<0.001). There was a strong correlation between overall HRQoL score and both NDS and NSS scores in the D+DN group (ρ= -0.71 and p<0.0001; ρ= -0.81 and p<0.0001, respectively). There was also a significant difference in all mean HRQoL domain scores between D+DN participants with normal and abnormal NCS. Physical inactivity (p=0.043), duration of DM (p<0.0001), abnormal NCS, NSS (p<0.0001), and NDS (p<0.0001) predicted HRQoL in the D+DN group. CONCLUSION: D+DN participants had a worse HRQoL compared with D-DN and healthy counterparts. NDS, NNS, physical inactivity, abnormal NCS, and duration of DM independently predicted poor HRQoL in D+DN participants.

Comparison of tissue biomarkers in arterial and vein (arteriovenous fistula) aneurysms.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Aneurysms are distinguished by inflammation, matrix degradation, and apoptosis of smooth muscle cells. In this study, specialized aneurysms tissue markers including venous and arterial aneurysms were studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present cross-sectional study was conducted throughout January-September 2021. Tissue samples were collected during surgery. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains, have been utilized to identify different aneurysm types and the morphologic alterations that serve as the foundation for aneurysm diagnosis. Measurement of collagen type III, IV, CCR2, metalloproteinase (2 and 13), and granzyme K was done by ELISA method. Results were presented as the mean ± standard deviation and analyzed by t tests (Graph Pad Prism 8.4.3.686). RESULTS: During the period from January to September 2021, 14 patients with peripheral venous and arterial aneurysms were referred to Alavi Vascular Surgery Hospital and underwent surgery. Of these, 10 patients were matched and remained available for study. The level of type 3 collagen was significantly reduced in arterial aneurysm compared to venous aneurysm (p < 0.05). Granzyme K in arterial aneurysm showed increase compared to venous aneurysm (p < 0.05). Metalloproteinase 2 in arterial aneurysms higher than venous aneurysm (p < 0.001). Metalloproteinase 13 in arterial aneurysm also showed increase compared to venous aneurysm (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Results of this study shows differences in the level of tissue biomarkers in arterial and vein (arteriovenous fistula) aneurysms.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint - no longer the forgotten joint.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is common in children, with an increasing awareness of the condition in all healthcare professionals. TMJ involvement presents a challenge in both diagnosis and treatment, as late presentation can still occur as the disease often develops asymptomatically. This can result in facial deformity and/or functional difficulties including obstructive sleep apnoea. Early diagnosis is therefore essential, requiring a high index of clinical suspicion coupled with the judicious use of gadolinium contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Long-term management is best provided by a multidisciplinary team as patients often need a combination of pharmacological management, surgical interventions, orthodontics, and psychological support. End stage deformity can be treated by different surgical options, each with their own risks and benefits, however recently there is increasing recognition for the role of total alloplastic TMJ replacement. This review focuses on the diagnosis and management of TMJ arthritis and aims to highlight the important role of maxillofacial surgeons in JIA treatment.

Systematic analysis of leisler's bat Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1817) captured from FATA region, Pakistan / Análise sistemática do morcego de leisler Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1817) capturado na região das FATA, Paquistão

Extensive field surveys were carried out to explore the distribution of Leisler’s Bat Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1819) in selected area of FATA regions, Pakistan. Specimens of Leisler's Bat Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1819) (n5) were collected from Kurram Agency (Shublan) (N33.8229788 E70.1634414) at elevation 1427m and Khyber Agency (Landi Kotel) (N34.0909899 E71.1457517) at elevation 1091m for two years survey extending from May 2013 through August 2015. The mean head and body length, hind foot length, ear length and tail length the Nyctalus leisleri specimens captured from the study area was 65.08 ± 1.58 mm, 44.06 ± 0.52 mm, 8.38 ± 0.60 mm, 13.20 ± 0.99 mm and 39.46 ± 1.46 mm, respectively. For molecular analysis the sequences of COI gene were obtained and analyzed. The mean intraspecific divergences of Nyctalus leisleri was 0.04%. The mean interspecific divergences of Nyctalus noctula and Nyctalus leisleri was 0.2%. The mean concentration of each nucleotides was A = (26.3%), T = (32.8%), G = (15.9%) and C = (25.0%). The mean A+T contents were 59.2%and C+G were 40.9%. In the phylogenetic tree Nyctalus leisleri and Nyctalus noctula clustered with significant bootstrap support value.

Extensas pesquisas de campo foram realizadas para explorar a distribuição do morcego de Leisler Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1819), em uma área selecionada das regiões das FATA, Paquistão. Espécimes do morcego de Leisler Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1819) (n = 5) foram coletados na Agência Kurram (Shublan) (N33.8229788 E70.1634414), na elevação 1.427 m, e na Agência Khyber (Landi Kotel) (N34.0909899 E71.1457517), na elevação 1.091 m, por dois anos de pesquisa, estendendo-se de maio de 2013 a agosto de 2015. Os comprimentos médios da cabeça, do corpo, do pé traseiro, da orelha e da cauda dos espécimes de Nyctalus leisleri capturados na área de estudo foram de 65,08 ± 1,58 mm, 44,06 ± 0,52 mm, 8,38 ± 0,60 mm, 13,20 ± 0,99 mm e 39,46 ± 1,46 mm, respectivamente. Para análise molecular, foram obtidas e analisadas as sequências do gene COI. A média das divergências intraespecíficas de Nyctalus leisleri foi de 0,04%. As divergências interespecíficas médias de Nyctalus noctula e Nyctalus leisleri foram de 0,2%. A concentração média de cada nucleotídeos foi A = 26,3%, T = 32,8%, G = 15,9% e C = 25%. Os conteúdos médios de A + T foram de 59,2% e de C + G foram de 40,9%. Na árvore filogenética, Nyctalus leisleri e Nyctalus noctula agruparam-se com um valor significativo de suporte de bootstrap.

Biodiversity of orb-web spiders (family: araneidae) of buner valley, Pakistan / Biodiversidade de aranhas construtoras de teia (família: araneidae) do vale buner, Paquistão

The present research was carried out to explore the spider fauna of Buner valley with taxonomic study from February 2018 to January 2019. For this purpose samples were collected, four times at each month from 4 tehsils: Daggar, Gagra, Mandan and Totalai. Two methods were used, hand picking and sweep net for collection of samples. During day and night, three habitats, arid area, agriculture land and building area were search for collection. A total of 534 samples of spider were collected from four sampling sites, in which 379 were belonging to family Araniedae. After confirmation, the identified species were belonging to 8 genera (Neoscona, Argiope, Cyclosa, Araneus, Cyrtophora, Larinia, Erivoxia and Poltys) and 19 species. 18 of them were identified to specie level while a single specie to its generic level. The genus Neoscona was the dominant genus 26.31% having 5 species while the genus Argiope 21.05% is the second dominant having 4 species followed by Cyclosa 15.78% having 3 species followed by Cyrtophora and Araneus 10.52% having two species both. The Poltys and Larinia 5.26% are the rarest genera represent single-single specie both. Statistical analysis show that specie richness (D) = 5.77, Simpson index (1-D) = 0.87, Shannon index (H) = 2.33. Diversity of spiders was evenly distributed and calculated Evenness value was H/InS = 0.5408. There is also few atypical species and Fisher alpha estimate high value (Fisher α) = 4.42. Chao-1 estimated we have reported 22 species.

A presente pesquisa foi realizada para explorar a fauna de aranhas do vale Buner, em um estudo taxonômico realizado de fevereiro de 2018 a janeiro de 2019. Para esse fim, foram coletadas amostras, quatro vezes por mês, a partir de 4 subdistritos: Daggar, Gagra, Mandan e Totalai. Foram utilizados dois métodos, coleta manual e rede de varredura, para a obtenção das amostras. Durante o dia e a noite, foram pesquisados três habitats: área árida, área agrícola e área de construção. Foram coletadas 534 amostras de aranha em quatro locais de amostragem, sendo que 379 pertenciam à família Araneidae. Após a confirmação, as espécies identificadas pertenciam a 8 gêneros (Neoscona, Argiope, Cyclosa, Araneus, Cyrtophora, Larinia, Erivoxia e Poltys) e a 19 espécies (18 delas foram identificados em seu nível de espécie, enquanto uma única foi identificada em seu nível genérico). O gênero Neoscona foi dominante (26,31%), com 5 espécies, seguido pelos gêneros Argiope (21,05%), com 4 espécies, Cyclosa (15,78%), com 3 espécies, e Cyrtophora e Araneus (10,52%), com 2 espécies. Poltys e Larinia (5,26%) são os gêneros mais raros, representando a mesma espécie. A análise estatística mostrou que a riqueza de espécies (D) foi de 5,77, o índice de Simpson (1-D) foi de 0,87 e o índice de Shannon (H) foi de 2,33. A diversidade de aranhas foi distribuída uniformemente, e o valor calculado da uniformidade foi H / InS = 0,5408. Também existem poucas espécies atípicas, e o alfa de Fisher (Fisher α) estimou o valor de 4,42. Já Chao-1 estimou 22 espécies.

Systematic analysis of leislers bat Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1817) captured from FATA region, Pakistan

Abstract Extensive field surveys were carried out to explore the distribution of Leislers Bat Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1819) in selected area of FATA regions, Pakistan. Specimens of Leislers Bat Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1819) (n5) were collected from Kurram Agency (Shublan) (N33.8229788 E70.1634414) at elevation 1427m and Khyber Agency (Landi Kotel) (N34.0909899 E71.1457517) at elevation 1091m for two years survey extending from May 2013 through August 2015. The mean head and body length, hind foot length, ear length and tail length the Nyctalus leisleri specimens captured from the study area was 65.08 ± 1.58 mm, 44.06 ± 0.52 mm, 8.38 ± 0.60 mm, 13.20 ± 0.99 mm and 39.46 ± 1.46 mm, respectively. For molecular analysis the sequences of COI gene were obtained and analyzed. The mean intraspecific divergences of Nyctalus leisleri was 0.04%. The mean interspecific divergences of Nyctalus noctula and Nyctalus leisleri was 0.2%. The mean concentration of each nucleotides was A = (26.3%), T = (32.8%), G = (15.9%) and C = (25.0%). The mean A+T contents were 59.2%and C+G were 40.9%. In the phylogenetic tree Nyctalus leisleri and Nyctalus noctula clustered with significant bootstrap support value.

Resumo Extensas pesquisas de campo foram realizadas para explorar a distribuição do morcego de Leisler Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1819), em uma área selecionada das regiões das FATA, Paquistão. Espécimes do morcego de Leisler Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1819) (n = 5) foram coletados na Agência Kurram (Shublan) (N33.8229788 E70.1634414), na elevação 1.427 m, e na Agência Khyber (Landi Kotel) (N34.0909899 E71.1457517), na elevação 1.091 m, por dois anos de pesquisa, estendendo-se de maio de 2013 a agosto de 2015. Os comprimentos médios da cabeça, do corpo, do pé traseiro, da orelha e da cauda dos espécimes de Nyctalus leisleri capturados na área de estudo foram de 65,08 ± 1,58 mm, 44,06 ± 0,52 mm, 8,38 ± 0,60 mm, 13,20 ± 0,99 mm e 39,46 ± 1,46 mm, respectivamente. Para análise molecular, foram obtidas e analisadas as sequências do gene COI. A média das divergências intraespecíficas de Nyctalus leisleri foi de 0,04%. As divergências interespecíficas médias de Nyctalus noctula e Nyctalus leisleri foram de 0,2%. A concentração média de cada nucleotídeos foi A = 26,3%, T = 32,8%, G = 15,9% e C = 25%. Os conteúdos médios de A + T foram de 59,2% e de C + G foram de 40,9%. Na árvore filogenética, Nyctalus leisleri e Nyctalus noctula agruparam-se com um valor significativo de suporte de bootstrap.

Biodiversity of orb-web spiders (family: araneidae) of buner valley, Pakistan

Abstract The present research was carried out to explore the spider fauna of Buner valley with taxonomic study from February 2018 to January 2019. For this purpose samples were collected, four times at each month from 4 tehsils: Daggar, Gagra, Mandan and Totalai. Two methods were used, hand picking and sweep net for collection of samples. During day and night, three habitats, arid area, agriculture land and building area were search for collection. A total of 534 samples of spider were collected from four sampling sites, in which 379 were belonging to family Araniedae. After confirmation, the identified species were belonging to 8 genera (Neoscona, Argiope, Cyclosa, Araneus, Cyrtophora, Larinia, Erivoxia and Poltys) and 19 species. 18 of them were identified to specie level while a single specie to its generic level. The genus Neoscona was the dominant genus 26.31% having 5 species while the genus Argiope 21.05% is the second dominant having 4 species followed by Cyclosa 15.78% having 3 species followed by Cyrtophora and Araneus 10.52% having two species both. The Poltys and Larinia 5.26% are the rarest genera represent single-single specie both. Statistical analysis show that specie richness (D) = 5.77, Simpson index (1-D) = 0.87, Shannon index (H) = 2.33. Diversity of spiders was evenly distributed and calculated Evenness value was H/InS = 0.5408. There is also few atypical species and Fisher alpha estimate high value (Fisher ) = 4.42. Chao-1 estimated we have reported 22 species.

Resumo A presente pesquisa foi realizada para explorar a fauna de aranhas do vale Buner, em um estudo taxonômico realizado de fevereiro de 2018 a janeiro de 2019. Para esse fim, foram coletadas amostras, quatro vezes por mês, a partir de 4 subdistritos: Daggar, Gagra, Mandan e Totalai. Foram utilizados dois métodos, coleta manual e rede de varredura, para a obtenção das amostras. Durante o dia e a noite, foram pesquisados três habitats: área árida, área agrícola e área de construção. Foram coletadas 534 amostras de aranha em quatro locais de amostragem, sendo que 379 pertenciam à família Araneidae. Após a confirmação, as espécies identificadas pertenciam a 8 gêneros (Neoscona, Argiope, Cyclosa, Araneus, Cyrtophora, Larinia, Erivoxia e Poltys) e a 19 espécies (18 delas foram identificados em seu nível de espécie, enquanto uma única foi identificada em seu nível genérico). O gênero Neoscona foi dominante (26,31%), com 5 espécies, seguido pelos gêneros Argiope (21,05%), com 4 espécies, Cyclosa (15,78%), com 3 espécies, e Cyrtophora e Araneus (10,52%), com 2 espécies. Poltys e Larinia (5,26%) são os gêneros mais raros, representando a mesma espécie. A análise estatística mostrou que a riqueza de espécies (D) foi de 5,77, o índice de Simpson (1-D) foi de 0,87 e o índice de Shannon (H) foi de 2,33. A diversidade de aranhas foi distribuída uniformemente, e o valor calculado da uniformidade foi H / InS = 0,5408. Também existem poucas espécies atípicas, e o alfa de Fisher (Fisher ) estimou o valor de 4,42. Já Chao-1 estimou 22 espécies.

Biodiversity of orb-web spiders (family: araneidae) of buner valley, Pakistan / Biodiversidade de aranhas construtoras de teia (família: araneidae) do vale buner, Paquistão

The present research was carried out to explore the spider fauna of Buner valley with taxonomic study from February 2018 to January 2019. For this purpose samples were collected, four times at each month from 4 tehsils: Daggar, Gagra, Mandan and Totalai. Two methods were used, hand picking and sweep net for collection of samples. During day and night, three habitats, arid area, agriculture land and building area were search for collection. A total of 534 samples of spider were collected from four sampling sites, in which 379 were belonging to family Araniedae. After confirmation, the identified species were belonging to 8 genera (Neoscona, Argiope, Cyclosa, Araneus, Cyrtophora, Larinia, Erivoxia and Poltys) and 19 species. 18 of them were identified to specie level while a single specie to its generic level. The genus Neoscona was the dominant genus 26.31% having 5 species while the genus Argiope 21.05% is the second dominant having 4 species followed by Cyclosa 15.78% having 3 species followed by Cyrtophora and Araneus 10.52% having two species both. The Poltys and Larinia 5.26% are the rarest genera represent single-single specie both. Statistical analysis show that specie richness (D) = 5.77, Simpson index (1-D) = 0.87, Shannon index (H) = 2.33. Diversity of spiders was evenly distributed and calculated Evenness value was H/InS = 0.5408. There is also few atypical species and Fisher alpha estimate high value (Fisher α) = 4.42. Chao-1 estimated we have reported 22 species.

A presente pesquisa foi realizada para explorar a fauna de aranhas do vale Buner, em um estudo taxonômico realizado de fevereiro de 2018 a janeiro de 2019. Para esse fim, foram coletadas amostras, quatro vezes por mês, a partir de 4 subdistritos: Daggar, Gagra, Mandan e Totalai. Foram utilizados dois métodos, coleta manual e rede de varredura, para a obtenção das amostras. Durante o dia e a noite, foram pesquisados três habitats: área árida, área agrícola e área de construção. Foram coletadas 534 amostras de aranha em quatro locais de amostragem, sendo que 379 pertenciam à família Araneidae. Após a confirmação, as espécies identificadas pertenciam a 8 gêneros (Neoscona, Argiope, Cyclosa, Araneus, Cyrtophora, Larinia, Erivoxia e Poltys) e a 19 espécies (18 delas foram identificados em seu nível de espécie, enquanto uma única foi identificada em seu nível genérico). O gênero Neoscona foi dominante (26,31%), com 5 espécies, seguido pelos gêneros Argiope (21,05%), com 4 espécies, Cyclosa (15,78%), com 3 espécies, e Cyrtophora e Araneus (10,52%), com 2 espécies. Poltys e Larinia (5,26%) são os gêneros mais raros, representando a mesma espécie. A análise estatística mostrou que a riqueza de espécies (D) foi de 5,77, o índice de Simpson (1-D) foi de 0,87 e o índice de Shannon (H) foi de 2,33. A diversidade de aranhas foi distribuída uniformemente, e o valor calculado da uniformidade foi H / InS = 0,5408. Também existem poucas espécies atípicas, e o alfa de Fisher (Fisher α) estimou o valor de 4,42. Já Chao-1 estimou 22 espécies.

Systematic analysis of leisler's bat Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1817) captured from FATA region, Pakistan / Análise sistemática do morcego de leisler Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1817) capturado na região das FATA, Paquistão

Extensive field surveys were carried out to explore the distribution of Leisler's Bat Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1819) in selected area of FATA regions, Pakistan. Specimens of Leisler's Bat Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1819) (n5) were collected from Kurram Agency (Shublan) (N33.8229788 E70.1634414) at elevation 1427m and Khyber Agency (Landi Kotel) (N34.0909899 E71.1457517) at elevation 1091m for two years survey extending from May 2013 through August 2015. The mean head and body length, hind foot length, ear length and tail length the Nyctalus leisleri specimens captured from the study area was 65.08 ± 1.58 mm, 44.06 ± 0.52 mm, 8.38 ± 0.60 mm, 13.20 ± 0.99 mm and 39.46 ± 1.46 mm, respectively. For molecular analysis the sequences of COI gene were obtained and analyzed. The mean intraspecific divergences of Nyctalus leisleri was 0.04%. The mean interspecific divergences of Nyctalus noctula and Nyctalus leisleri was 0.2%. The mean concentration of each nucleotides was A = (26.3%), T = (32.8%), G = (15.9%) and C = (25.0%). The mean A+T contents were 59.2%and C+G were 40.9%. In the phylogenetic tree Nyctalus leisleri and Nyctalus noctula clustered with significant bootstrap support value.

Extensas pesquisas de campo foram realizadas para explorar a distribuição do morcego de Leisler Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1819), em uma área selecionada das regiões das FATA, Paquistão. Espécimes do morcego de Leisler Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1819) (n = 5) foram coletados na Agência Kurram (Shublan) (N33.8229788 E70.1634414), na elevação 1.427 m, e na Agência Khyber (Landi Kotel) (N34.0909899 E71.1457517), na elevação 1.091 m, por dois anos de pesquisa, estendendo-se de maio de 2013 a agosto de 2015. Os comprimentos médios da cabeça, do corpo, do pé traseiro, da orelha e da cauda dos espécimes de Nyctalus leisleri capturados na área de estudo foram de 65,08 ± 1,58 mm, 44,06 ± 0,52 mm, 8,38 ± 0,60 mm, 13,20 ± 0,99 mm e 39,46 ± 1,46 mm, respectivamente. Para análise molecular, foram obtidas e analisadas as sequências do gene COI. A média das divergências intraespecíficas de Nyctalus leisleri foi de 0,04%. As divergências interespecíficas médias de Nyctalus noctula e Nyctalus leisleri foram de 0,2%. A concentração média de cada nucleotídeos foi A = 26,3%, T = 32,8%, G = 15,9% e C = 25%. Os conteúdos médios de A + T foram de 59,2% e de C + G foram de 40,9%. Na árvore filogenética, Nyctalus leisleri e Nyctalus noctula agruparam-se com um valor significativo de suporte de bootstrap.

Predictive risk factors for facial nerve injury in temporomandibular joint replacement surgery.

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of temporary and permanent facial nerve injury in total temporomandibular joint (TMJ) replacement surgery and to identify potential predictive risk factors. We made a retrospective review of case notes and opportunistic review of patients treated in a single tertiary referral unit by a single surgeon. For each patient a number of potential risk factors were determined, and the presence or absence of nerve injury recorded at 2 week follow up and a minimum of 12 months follow up. At 2-week review, facial nerve weakness was noted in 38/133 cases (28%) and at last follow up there were 4/133 cases (3%) with continuing (permanent) facial nerve weakness. Bilateral surgery, revision TMJ replacement, primary diagnosis, the number of previous surgeries and a history of recovered facial nerve injury all significantly increased the likelihood of temporary facial nerve injury, but not the likelihood of permanent facial nerve injury. Factors which increase the risk of temporary facial nerve injury are relatively predictable and include bilateral surgery, revision TMJ replacement, and multiple open TMJ surgeries. Risk factors associated with permanent injury are less predictable but are likely to be similar. The identification of such factors allows for the risk stratification of patients and improve informed consent. We also recommend that patients with a single, previously failed open TMJ surgery should be considered for early TMJ replacement and in multiply operated patients a subfascial plane of dissection is adopted.

Biodiversity of orb-web spiders (family: araneidae) of buner valley, Pakistan.

The present research was carried out to explore the spider fauna of Buner valley with taxonomic study from February 2018 to January 2019. For this purpose samples were collected, four times at each month from 4 tehsils: Daggar, Gagra, Mandan and Totalai. Two methods were used, hand picking and sweep net for collection of samples. During day and night, three habitats, arid area, agriculture land and building area were search for collection. A total of 534 samples of spider were collected from four sampling sites, in which 379 were belonging to family Araniedae. After confirmation, the identified species were belonging to 8 genera (Neoscona, Argiope, Cyclosa, Araneus, Cyrtophora, Larinia, Erivoxia and Poltys) and 19 species. 18 of them were identified to specie level while a single specie to its generic level. The genus Neoscona was the dominant genus 26.31% having 5 species while the genus Argiope 21.05% is the second dominant having 4 species followed by Cyclosa 15.78% having 3 species followed by Cyrtophora and Araneus 10.52% having two species both. The Poltys and Larinia 5.26% are the rarest genera represent single-single specie both. Statistical analysis show that specie richness (D) = 5.77, Simpson index (1-D) = 0.87, Shannon index (H) = 2.33. Diversity of spiders was evenly distributed and calculated Evenness value was H/InS = 0.5408. There is also few atypical species and Fisher alpha estimate high value (Fisher α) = 4.42. Chao-1 estimated we have reported 22 species.

Systematic analysis of leisler's bat Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1817) captured from FATA region, Pakistan.

Extensive field surveys were carried out to explore the distribution of Leisler's Bat Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1819) in selected area of FATA regions, Pakistan. Specimens of Leisler's Bat Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1819) (n5) were collected from Kurram Agency (Shublan) (N33.8229788 E70.1634414) at elevation 1427m and Khyber Agency (Landi Kotel) (N34.0909899 E71.1457517) at elevation 1091m for two years survey extending from May 2013 through August 2015. The mean head and body length, hind foot length, ear length and tail length the Nyctalus leisleri specimens captured from the study area was 65.08 ± 1.58 mm, 44.06 ± 0.52 mm, 8.38 ± 0.60 mm, 13.20 ± 0.99 mm and 39.46 ± 1.46 mm, respectively. For molecular analysis the sequences of COI gene were obtained and analyzed. The mean intraspecific divergences of Nyctalus leisleri was 0.04%. The mean interspecific divergences of Nyctalus noctula and Nyctalus leisleri was 0.2%. The mean concentration of each nucleotides was A = (26.3%), T = (32.8%), G = (15.9%) and C = (25.0%). The mean A+T contents were 59.2%and C+G were 40.9%. In the phylogenetic tree Nyctalus leisleri and Nyctalus noctula clustered with significant bootstrap support value.

Surgical Excision of a Pilonidal Sinus at the Neck Region.

Pilonidal sinus (PNS) is a clinically diagnosed condition caused by hair entrapment underneath the skin leading to a granulomatous reaction and the formation of a tract. PNS is commonly found in the sacrococcygeal area (natal cleft). However, this is a rare case presentation of a male patient with PNS located at the back of his neck region as there were only four similar conditions reported in the literature review. The patient was first managed medically as a case of hidradenitis suppurativa by the dermatology department. Later on, when the treatment failed, he was treated surgically as a case of PNS with an excellent outcome. The patient was seen at the outpatient clinic one week after surgery. The wound was healed completely and totally recovered.

Molecular detection of carbapenem resistance genes in rectal swabs from patients in Gulf Cooperation Council hospitals.

BACKGROUND: Gram-negative organisms harbouring carbapenem resistance genes (CRGs) are spreading globally, including in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. However, relatively few data are available about carriage of CRGs in hospitalized patients in this region. AIM: To determine prevalence of CRG carriage and risk factors for colonization among patients in GCC hospitals. METHODS: Rectal swabs were obtained from ∼50 intensive care unit (ICU) patients from each of 11 hospitals in five GCC countries between March and November 2019. The swabs were tested for the presence of blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP, and blaOXA-48 CRG using a commercial polymerase chain reaction test. Data on risk factors for colonization were collected and analysed. FINDINGS: Of 529 specimens screened, 138 (26.1%) were positive for one or more CRGs. The positivity rates among the hospitals ranged from 8.0% to 67.3%; ∼20% of the positive specimens harboured ≥2 CRGs. The most common CRG detected was blaOXA-48, which was present in 82 specimens (15.5%). Additional CRGs included blaNDM, blaVIM, blaKPC, and blaIMP either alone or in combination. Overall, 31.1% of patients on antibiotics on admission to the ICU were positive for CRGs compared to 16.5% not on antibiotic therapy (P < 0.001). CRG detection was also more common among patients aged >65 years (P = 0.027) and increased with hospital length of stay (P = 0.025). CONCLUSION: The rate of CRGs detected in hospitalized patients in GCC countries varied considerably. Prior antibiotic exposure, increasing age, and prolonged length of stay were associated with CRG detection.